Black Box Machine Learning
A MOOC on Foundations of Machine Learning.
For the very basics of machine learning we recommend the following book.
The aim of this book is to give the reader an overall idea about what machine learning is, the basics of some important learning algorithms, and a set of example applications. The book is intended for a general readership, and only the essentials of the learning methods are discussed without any mathematical or programming details. The book does not cover any of the machine-learning applications in much detail either; a number of examples are discussed just enough to give the fundamentals without going into the particulars.
For more information on the machine learning algorithms, the reader can refer to my textbook on the topic, on which this book is heavily based: Ethem Alpaydın, Introduction to Machine Learning, 3rd ed. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014).
Alpaydin, Ethem Machine Learning: The New AI (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)